A Soldier's Father on Raising the Army's Maximum Enlistment Age

In recently released guidelines within Army Regulations 601-210 (effective April 20, 2026), the Army raised the enlistment age from 35 to 42 bringing it in line with Air Force, Coast Guard and Space Force requirements.[i] Although according to Army officials it is but the codification of a policy already in practice since 2023, in times of conflict such as these, and following fabricated controversies about the possible reinstatement of the draft to carry out a prolonged ground war in Iran, the news was received with alarm by sections of the American public.[ii] The precedent, to sustain the manpower needs for the war in Iraq between 2006 and 2016, still hangs heavy in the minds of many Americans.[iii] In reality the move is instructive of the administration’s fears for the problem that future recruitment is, present-day boasting of success by the Department of Defense notwithstanding. Indeed, the timing of the revision of the age limits for enlistment suggests it may also be intended at maintaining recruiting at satisfactory levels to continue reflecting positively on the administration.

Officially, Army spokespersons motivated the raising of the maximum enlistment age as a way to bring the Army in line with the other branches and the maximum set by federal law.[vii] This is of course only a partial truth since the Navy limits enlistment to individuals no older than 41 and the Marine Corps to those no older than 28.

The U.S. military faced a major recruitment slump between 2022, when some Army components failed to meet quotas by 25 percent, and 2023.[viii] Although recruiting stabilized in 2024, it was partly the result of revised accession goals by the Army rather than high rates of enlistment.[ix] Recruiting began rising again to then shine in 2025 and, so far, in 2026. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth attributed this recruiting successes to a renewed patriotism among the American youth inspired by Trump’s leadership.[x] Along with the fading away of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars from memory, a revitalized sense of American greatness likely plays a role in convincing young Americans in signing up (or their parents to advise their sons and daughters to do so).

Nevertheless, other tactics also lay behind new recruiting success. The establishment of Army and Navy preparatory courses to bring up to educational and academic standards potential recruits who initially failed to meet them, was hailed as a key to recruiting success.[xi] However, across the board (to include also the Marine Corps, which had never failed to meet enlistment quotas) the more commonly adopted solution to attract new recruits was the raising of base pay along with new or strengthened incentives and bonuses.[xii] Other remedies included more funding for recruiting and the reduction of recruiters’ paperwork load.[xiii] All these tactics have in common a high price tag that has contributed to an already existing trend of growing recruiting costs over the past twenty-five years.[xiv]

The factor that makes consistently reaching accession goals almost impossible is that recruits for the U.S. military today come from an ever-shrinking pool of American youth soon bound to stumble across two demographic dips caused by the economic recession of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, given current stringent standards for military service, Pentagon’s own studies evidenced how 77 percent of youth aged 18-24 do not qualify without a waiver for medical or criminal reasons.[xv] Within this tiny pool of possible applicants, low levels of propensity for service normally encourage but a few people to enlist.

As mentioned, a sense of renewed Americanism has led many to sign up. However, the reservoir of patriotism-motivated individuals is only so large and cannot continue to drive recruiting successes year after year.[xvi] It is not coincidental, in fact, that although the Active Duty Army and the Army National Guard have been able to smoothly meet their accession goals in 2025, the Army Reserve has not – by 25 percent – and, unlike the first two, has not raised its FY2027 accession goal.[xvii] This is a clear sign that the recruiting crisis has only been artificially suspended. Aware of it, the Department of Defense has opted to raise the enlistment age to maintain recruiting at satisfying levels just beyond the short term. The move may also be aimed at boosting the lackluster recruiting of the Army Reserve specifically, which tends to appeal to older individuals, especially after active duty service.[xviii]

After a few years of throwing money at the problem, finally the Army seems to be grappling at the problem with a solution that is more economically sustainable and longer lasting than bonuses, incentives, and prep courses. Some analysts had already made recommendations of raising the draft age due to the risk of not being able to get enough people in uniform at times of great emergency.[xix] Thus the recommendation makes sense also in times of “peace.” Compared to the U.S. Army, where average age is 29, according to data from 2024 and 2025, European armies have a significantly older average ages – 31 for the British Army, 34 for the German Army, 38 for the Belgian Army and 40 for the Italian Army, for example.[xx]

While combat infantrymen still carry heavy rucksacks today, 20^th century warfare is now behind us, with more less physically demanding roles. Thus, older soldiers can still perform battle-critical missions and free up younger men for heavier duties. Moreover, age can bring well-developed critical skillsets in a variety of fields – from the medical to the mechanical – that younger guys often do not have. This, for example, has been the experience for many in the Ukrainian military, currently experiencing an actual war, where average age is 40.[xxi]

Additionally, there is a case to be made that older recruits may be excellent quality human material. Studies of older recruits between 21 and 35 also highlighted how they are generally more mentally mature while also more likely to re-enlist than younger ones, although suffering from slightly higher attrition rates during basic training.[xxii] The analysis also found that older individuals can be very susceptible to enlist, as they are more likely to have tried the civilian job market and found it wanting compared to younger applicants. Additionally, often having dependents makes them receptive to recruiting since military benefits are an attractive factor.

Raising the maximum enlistment age also carries some risks. One is that that enlistment of older individuals may not offset the costs of training and medical care if they decide to not reenlist. This consideration only seems to confirm the suggestion that the main goal behind the move is boosting recruiting numbers. The main disadvantage is obviously older recruits’ lower physical performance compared to younger individuals. As Tad Schnaufer, who served as an Army Captain while training Ukrainians before and after the 2022 Russian invasion, Ukraine’s older soldiers (many in their 40s or 50s) proved motivated for service, but unsurprisingly had trouble competing physically with younger recruits in their twenties. Still, 43-year-old Oleksandr Yabchanka, an infantry company commander, commented how in two years of combat in Ukraine never once he felt too old for it.[xxiii] Obviously, two anecdotal pieces of information cannot fully indicate whether the move of raising the age limits will improve or hurt combat effectiveness.

Only thorough medical screening and fitness tests will ensure that individuals can perform their military duties regardless of age. No revised guidelines for the MEPS initial complete health screening have been issued to consider medical issues affecting older individuals.[xxiv] Nevertheless, processes in place for service members like the Periodic Health Assessment regularly include screening for conditions that frequently affect the over-35 cohort like cardiovascular issues, high blood pressure, cholesterol and other metabolic indicators.[xxv] Additionally, this test includes additional panels for service members over 40, such as EKG, tonometry and extensive bloodwork.[xxvi] Its establishment as a yearly requirement for those aged 35 and up could go a long way in ensuring the good health of older service members. Additionally, the Army Fitness Test can ensure the overall fitness level of older individuals, especially when combined with the new Combat Field Test (along with regular pre, during, and post-deployment health assessments) recently introduced for combat arms.[xxvii]

In the end, the raising of the age limit for the Army is a step forward to ensure the U.S. military has the people that it needs in a more sustainable way. However, it still falls short of truly addressing the structural issues – an ageing population and declining levels of health and education among the youth – that will continue to make recruiting increasingly difficult in the long term. This decision will likely bring in a non-negligible number of mentally mature and possibly skilled Americans willing to serve their nation. Nevertheless, while mostly positive, the move is again not much more than another partial, near-term solution. After all, it was not designed to strengthen our military in the long term but more to benefit optics.

Guido Rossi (B.A. University of Milan, 2014; M.A. University of Southern Mississippi, 2017; Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 2023) is currently a Research Fellow at the Global and National Security Institute, University of South Florida. He is a trained military historian with interest in U.S. military history particularly in its intersection with social and cultural history, history of immigration, race, ethnicity, and sense of national identity. At GNSI, Guido Rossi researches Civil-Military Relations for the U.S. military and its personnel policy.

[i] Department of the Army, AR 601-210 (March 20, 2026), https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/DR_pubs/DR_a/ARN42922-AR_601-210-000-WEB-1.pdf.

[ii] Alexa Mae Asperin, “U.S. military draft 2026? Here’s what we know so far,” Fox 11 Los Angeles (March 12, 2026), https://www.foxla.com/news/white-house-military-draft-iran-war-trump.

[iii] Lisa Burgess, “Army raises maximum enlistment age for new recruits from 40 to 42,” Stars and Stripes (June 23, 2006), https://www.stripes.com/news/2006-06-23/army-raises-maximum-enlistment-age-for-new-recruits-from-40-to-42-1971941.html1.

[iv] The White House, “President Trump Addresses Joint Session of Congress,” The White House (March 4, 2025), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkFKNkAEzQ8.

[v] “Defense Secretary’s First 100 Days of Delivering on Promises,” U.S. Department of War (May 5, 2025),

https://www.war.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/4173220/defense-secretarys-first-100-days-of-delivering-on-promises/; “365 Wins in 365 Days: President Trump’s Return Marks New Era of Success, Prosperity,” The White House, Press Release (January 20, 2026), https://www.whitehouse.gov/releases/2026/01/365-wins-in-365-days-president-trumps-return-marks-new-era-of-success-prosperity/.

[vi] “Outnumbered,” FOX News (September 7, 2016), https://archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20160907_160000_Outnumbered/start/480/end/540;

[vii] 10 U.S.C. §505(a); Corey Dickstein, “Army ups max enlistment age to 42,” Stars and Stripes (March 24, 2026), https://www.stripes.com/branches/army/2026-03-24/army-raises-enlistment-age-42-21170859.html. 

[viii] Peter R. Mansoor, “Military Recruiting Shortfalls – A Recurring Challenge,” Strategika (January 28, 2025), https://www.hoover.org/research/military-recruiting-shortfalls-recurring-challenge.

[ix] Department of Defense, “Recruiting and Retention Numbers Fiscal Year 2024” (September 2024), https://prhome.war.gov/Portals/52/TAB%20A%20-%20Press%20Release_10172024_v4forMPP.pdf. 

[x] Evan Hydock, “Is the Military Recruiting Crisis Over? Not Quite,” Georgetown Security Studies Review (April 27, 2025) https://gssr.georgetown.edu/the-forum/topics/defense/is-the-military-recruiting-crisis-over-not-quite/.

[xi] Steve Beynon and Konstantin Toropin, “Army and Navy Prep Courses May be a Recruiting Crisis Silver Bullet. But Other Services Aren’t Interested,” Military.com (October 31, 2024), https://www.military.com/daily-news/2024/10/30/no-thanks-air-force-and-marine-corps-say-pre-boot-camp-prep-courses-arent-them-despite-successes.html.

[xii] Leo Shane III, “What troops need to know about the basic pay rates in 2025,” Military Times (March 6, 2025), https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2025/03/07/what-troops-need-to-know-about-the-basic-pay-raise-in-2025/. 

[xiii] Department of Defense, “FY 2027 Department of War Budget Overview Book” (April 20, 2027), 4-11,

https://comptroller.war.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/FY2027/FY2027_Budget_Request_Overview_Book.pdf; https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IN12651; AP, “The U.S. Military spent $6 billion in the past 3 years to recruit and retain troops,” NBC News (May 25, 2025), https://www.nbcnews.com/news/military/us-military-6-billion-dollars-recruitment-rcna208984.

[xiv] Seamus Daniels, “Accounting for the cost of military personnel,” War on the Rocks (September 21, 2021), https://warontherocks.com/2021/09/accounting-for-the-costs-of-military-personnel/; Jongsun Kim, “To fund U.S.-military modernization Congress needs to pass on-time annual defense budgets,” Atlantic Council (April 29, 2025), https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/to-fund-us-military-modernization-congress-needs-to-pass-on-time-annual-defense-budgets/;Congressional Budget Office, Atlas of Military Compensation (2024), January 2025, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2023-12/59475-Military-Compensation-Infographic.pdf; Christopher Hurd, “Building for the future: Army unveils $189.5 billion budget proposal,” U.S. Army Financial Management Command (March 13, 2024), https://www.usafmcom.army.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3729357/building-for-the-future-army-unveils-1859-billion-budget-proposal/#:~:text=Recruiting%20Transformation%20*%20The%20Army%20is%20increasing,service%20builds%20out%20its%20dedicated%20recruiting%20workforce; Patty Nieberg, “Army 2025 budget focuses on fixing barracks, recruiting,” Task & Purpose (March 11, 2024), https://taskandpurpose.com/military-life/army-2025-budget-focuses-on-fixing-barracks-recruiting/.

[xv] Office of People Analytics, “FY20 Qualified Military Available Key Findings” JAMRS (April 2022), https://amarkfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/DOD-QMA-2020-Brief-PUBLIC.pdf. 

[xvi] Gil Barndollar, “Propensity Through Permeability: A Culture Shift that Might Save the All-Volunteer Force,” Modern War Institute, February 20, 2024, https://mwi.westpoint.edu/propensity-through-permeability-a-culture-shift-that-might-save-the-all-volunteer-force/.

[xvii] Department of Defense, “Recruiting and Retention Numbers for Fiscal Year 2025” (September 2025), https://prhome.war.gov/Portals/52/Documents/MRA_Docs/MPP/pressreleases/2025/EOM%20September%202025%20Recruiting%20and%20Recruiting_1.pdf?ver=nOMDAdid23V59T49lENBrQ%3d%3d; Department of Defense, “FY 2027 Department of War Budget Overview Book” (April 20, 2027), 4-11, https://comptroller.war.gov/Portals/45/Documents/defbudget/FY2027/FY2027_Budget_Request_Overview_Book.pdf; https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/IN12651.

[xviii] Pollard, Constant, Cheravitch, Haberman, Kidder, Panis, “Identifying Opportunities to Recruit More Individuals Above the Age of 21 into the U.S. Army,” 43-44.

[xix] Katherine L. Kuzminski and Taren Dillon Sylvester, “Back to the Drafting Board: U.S. Draft Mobilization Capability for Modern Operational Requirements,” Center for a New American Security (June 2024), https://s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/files.cnas.org/documents/DraftMobilization_2024_Final-3.pdf, 26.

[xx] USAFacts, “How many people are in the U.S. military?” (December 2025), https://usafacts.org/articles/how-many-people-are-in-the-us-military-a-demographic-overview/; Esme Kirk-Wade, “UK defence personnel statistics,” House of Commons Library (June 30, 2025), 23, https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7930/CBP-7930.pdf; “Report says German military is ageing and shrinking as parties seek funding,” Reuters (March 11, 2025), https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/report-says-german-military-is-ageing-shrinking-parties-seek-funding-2025-03-11/; Yves Huwart, “Jouer à la roulette avec la sécurité des civils,” La Sentinelle 5 (October 2024), 2, https://www.acmp-cgpm.be/assets/DS-LS/DS-LS-Sep-Oct2024/Sentinelle-2024-05-3pg.pdf?; Esercito Italiano, Rapporto 2024, 14, https://www.esercito.difesa.it/assets/allegati/formatoa4.2025.09.30.12.25.00.910.pdf. 

[xxi] Anhelina Strashkulych, “Old men belong here. How Ukrainian Armed Forces have become 40+ age army and whether lowering mobilization age will affect combat capabilities,” Ukrainska Pravda (May 16, 2024), https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/articles/2024/05/16/7455980/; Stavros Atlamazoglou, Ukraine’s Army is Old for a Reason (But that Might Have to Change),” The National Interest (January 23, 2024), https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/ukraines-army-old-reason-might-have-change-208790.

[xxii] Michael S. Pollard, Louay Constant, Joe Cheravitch, Ryan Haberman, Katherine L. Kidder, Christina Panis, “Identifying Opportunities to Recruit More Individuals Above the Age of 21 into the U.S. Army,” RAND Corporation (16 March 2022), vi-vii.

[xxiii] Strashkulych, “Old men belong here.”

[xxiv] USMEPCOM Communication and Public Affairs Office, e-mail to the Author, May 26, 2026.

[xxv] Enlistment and induction medical standards are laid out in AR 40-501 Standards of Medical Fitness (last revision May 20, 2025) https://ga.ng.mil/Portals/49/G1/documents/SOP/2025/MEDICAL/12BH/AR%2040-501.pdf in compliance with DoDI 6130.03, Volume I (last revision February 3, 2026), https://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodi/613003_vol1.PDF?ver=8i9QED7mH4XAA4zoSSIwZA%3D%3D.

[xxvi] “PHA/Physical Health Assessment Requirements,” Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, https://walterreed.tricare.mil/Health-Services/Readiness/Medical-Readiness/PHA-Physical-Examination-Requirements.

[xxvii] U.S. Army, “Army Fitness Test,” https://www.army.mil/aft/; U.S. Army Public Affairs, “U.S. Army announces new Combat Field Test to enhance Soldier readiness,” April 22, 2026, https://www.army.mil/article/291880/us_army_announces_new_combat_field_test_to_enhance_soldier_readiness.